The Renaissance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Renaissance - Essay Example A close examination of our American technology and our institutions will find many similarities that had their origin in the roots of the Italian Renaissance. Prior to the Renaissance, almost all technical knowledge of science was outside the reach of the average person. It had been the sole property of the church and the elite and was available only through universities. A major technical innovation of the Renaissance period was its placing knowledge in the hands of the ordinary person. According to Thomas Carlyle in Sartor Resartus published in 1833, "He who first shortened the labor of copyists by device of movable types was disbanding hired armies [...] creating a whole new democratic world" (cited in Kreis). The invention of the printing press in 1440 gave the general public the access to knowledge and philosophy. The first bible was printed in 1452 gave the ordinary man regular access to the text and had a lasting effect on religion. Spurred by classical philosophy, religion turned from the worship of the abstract towards the morality of man (Anesi). This brought new thought to religion and brought about the Reformation and altered the Christian religion forever. Leonardo Da Vinci was one of the greatest technical innovators of the Renaissance and he is often thought of as the father of engineering. However, Da Vinci was joined by others such as Filippo Brunelleschi, Mariano di Iacopo, and Francesco di Giorgio to spearhead an artist-engineer revolution (Bjerklie, 1). Their ideas were the basis of major changes in agricultural equipment and improvement in land management. One example was the heavy- wheeled plow and the horse harness and stirrup that allowed the ground to be worked on a more massive scale. This began the basis of large industrial crop farming and allowed the farmers to relocate to the industrial centers of commerce. This modernized agriculture and paved the way for the coming Industrial Revolution. As people were moving from an agricultural based economy made possible by the new agricultural methods, trade was becoming more important. The newly developing nation-states required trading partners outside their own borders. Optics made a significant contribution to worldwide navigation during the Renaissance period. The science of optics was treasured by Kings as a method required for exploration, trade, and dominance. For example, in April 1541 an Italian offered a telescopic device to Henry VIII. "The French ambassador in London reported that 'there is an Italian here, aged about 70 years, who has shown this king that he would make a mirror and place it on top of Dover castle, in which mirror could be seen all ships that leave Dieppe'" (Dupre, 19). This may have been the description of the reflecting telescope that has become the mainstay of today's science of optics. Improved navigation aids and the evolving telescope made worldwide navigation, exploration, and trade a reality. The Renaissance spirit of exploration also opened up curiosity to the other fields of science. Science of the Renaissance stressed observance and more importance began being placed on methodology and experimentation. It valued experience over abstract thought. The Renaissance is credited with being the era of the creation of the scientific method. The

HOW TO DEVELOP THE ESTREN FOOD IN THE UK Assignment

HOW TO DEVELOP THE ESTREN FOOD IN THE UK - Assignment Example 2012). Also the skills related to its job position should be set, so that hiring for these positions to be developed with no delay (Gilmore and Williams 2012). The HRM issues of the restaurant are analyzed further in section 2 of this paper. Another organizational sector that should be carefully reviewed in advance is accounting. Chapman et al. (2011) notes that in all firms accounting can result to important challenges mostly because of the following facts: a) it is difficult for managers to choose in advance the accounting strategy on which the business operations will be based; for example, emphasis will be give on re-investing profits or using profits for covering operational costs, so that the borrowing is fully avoided (Chapman et al. 2011, p.709), b) the level of profitability of a business and the market performance cannot be predicted in advance, a fact that it is quite common in new businesses; in this context, Eastern foods should not adopt a strict accounting strategy but rather short-term accounting plans should be applied, so that alterations and replacements are feasible in case of market changes or low profits. At the same time, Al-Hakim (2007) explains that managers in new businesses should emphasize on the introduction of effective knowledge management systems. These systems can secure high speed and accuracy in regard to the knowledge transferred; under these terms the success of a firm’s accounting system is guaranteed (Al-Hakim 2007). In addition, managers in Eastern Foods have to face a series of operational issues, such as: a) would the operational framework of the business be the same as in the mother company, in India? B) Should innovative practices be introduced in order for the restaurant’s operations to be more aligned to the Western culture (Barnes 2008)? c) Which will be the exact form of the firm’s

Much of Volume 1 of Jane Eyre is predominately concerned with a Essay

Much of Volume 1 of Jane Eyre is predominately concerned with a child's sense of injustice. Do you think Jane's sense of injustice is justified Illustrate your answer by using textual examples - Essay Example She is an orphan left behind homeless at the death of both her parents when her mother’s brother Reed takes her in. He adores his sister’s daughter and on his death bed makes his wife promise that she would always look after Jane. Mrs Reed agrees, however, the promise is not fulfilled in the way it was meant to be. The Reeds live at Gateshead and here is where Jane spends the first ten years of her life at. Considering the fact that she is an orphan with only the Reeds as her known, living relatives and no one else, it would be thought that she would be treated like family, in such a way that she would not feel alone with the absence of her parents. Yet this is not the case. Jane is made to feel inferior at Gateshead repeatedly, she ‘is constantly differentiated, excluded (†¦) leaves her as an outsider to the Reed family’ (Peters 20). She is not treated like a family member, in fact, even worse than that. ‘Eliza, John, and Georgiana were now clustered round their mama in the drawing-room (†¦) Me, she had dispensed from joining the group’ (Bronte 3). This may be due to the various reasons regarding her lack of social status, her father being a poor minister; a passionate personality which was not quite the thing at that time; and plain looks, quite the opposite of what the Reed children were, Georgiana in particular as she says in the book that she is ‘humbled by the consciousness of my physical inferiority to Eliza, John and Georgiana Reed’ (Bronte 3). Even the servants believe that Jane’s station in life is below theirs since she is not, in all actuality, a part of the family. She has ‘no money’ (Bronte 7) nor does she do any work to earn her keep for living there. She is often lectured on even by the servants regarding how she should behave in front of her benefactor and how, if it has not been for her generous spirit, Jane would have been sent ‘to the

MSc Practical UNIX Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

MSc Practical UNIX Security - Essay Example Furthermore, in the UNIX system's early periods, security feature was almost absent. Then, the UNIX system became the first operating system to undergo attacks raised over the promising Internet. With the passage of time, the security arrangement moved from centralized to distributed verification and permission systems (UNIX Systems Cooperative Promotion Group, 1997) and (The Open Group, 2010). This paper discusses various security aspects of UNIX operating system along with some types of attack that can be applied to UNIX operating system. The basic aim of this paper is to describe in a systematic manner the significance of systems configuration and management and how to undertake systems configuration and management for a UNIX system. Security Considerations With the advancements in the technology the chances of security attacks and their intensity is also increasing. In the past, a lot of security and privacy attacks have greatly influenced a large number of organizations and busi nesses. Some well known examples of these attacks include, security develops Nimda, Code Red, RPC buffer overflows, SQL Slammer Worm, SSH vulnerabilities. Thus, to deal with such new types of security attacks a good security management patch as well as effective security strategy is very important, which can help secure organization’s systems and networks. Seeing that the businesses having a high-quality patch security strategy (which implemented all the recognized patches to the target systems) were not influenced or were least influenced as compared to those businesses which neglected patch security strategies and faced harsh issues like business downtime of numerous days and failure of business effort (code as well as data). In this scenario, all the practical systems have their own techniques for implementing security patches. Additionally, HP-UX, Solaris and AIX program and patch installation techniques allow the elimination of an application or a patch by restoring some overwritten operating system files as the â€Å"save† alternative is employed (that is the default option). In addition, the capability to get rid of a (reminded) security patch makes simpler patch administration on these systems liberating the manager from planning routine techniques for patch management and permitting the administrator to focus on improving system security. For this purpose, HP, Sun and IBM offered standard security patch packages for download a number of times every year, in addition to individual patch downloads as well as patch announcement services which can be received via electronic mail (without paying registration fee). Moreover, specific patch downloads are always available at retailer’s websites and a few mirrors for Red Hat Linux. However, the accessibility of alternatives is significant, for the reason that standard patch packages make simpler the normal application of patches as well as get rid of the need for numerous reboots and/or sy stem configuration changes, as individual patch downloads permit the system application of a security patch at the instant as it is accessible (Tsitsivas et al., 2003), (Zheng & Zhang, 2009), (Curphey & Araujo, 2006) and (Ray, 2004). UNIX Security Overview Normally, all UNIX-based or other systems encompass particular log on procedures. However, these procedures depend on

Global Market Entry Strategies Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Global Market Entry Strategies - Case Study Example 1. What is the amount of equity being invested by Volvo in the joint venture in China? 45% stake 2. What will be the benefits of the alliance to the Swedish Volvo? a) help the Volvo group to enter the Chinese market, which is the world's largest market for trucks, with a total market for heavy trucks equivalent to the European and North American markets combined 3. What will be the benefits of the alliance to the Chinese Dong Feng? a) The Dongfeng brand will become a global brand 4. What has been the strategy of the Chinese government for entry of foreign firms into the country? Passenger cars, in which it allows foreign companies access to China's fast-growing consumer and commercial markets only if they create joint ventures with domestic companies and share technology in return. Why? foreign companies give potential rivals a leg up in terms of marketing and technical know-how 5. How large is Dongfeng in China's heavy duty trucks market? Dongfeng already is China's largest maker of heavy-duty trucks. What is its market share of heavy duty trucks in China? 20% market share 6. What problems is the joint venture facing in China? The heavy-truck market has been hit by Beijing's efforts to tamp down on mining and property development. What is the strategy of Volvo to cope with the challenge? reducing vehicle emissions

Some of the important aspects of the software project management Essay

Some of the important aspects of the software project management - Essay Example The paper tells that a software development process or project is initiated to achieve some specific objectives for instance development of a software application to improve the performance of an organization or building a software application to meet users’ requirements. Nowadays, software development firms complete software development processes in the form of projects, which are effectively controlled and managed through an appropriate method acknowledged as software project management. Basically, the process of software project management involves a variety of tasks which are closely connected with each other. And the success or failure of one task can have a significant influence on other tasks. In this scenario, software project management is a systematic method for managing, controlling and setting up project tasks and resources from its beginning to completion. In addition, these resources and tasks can be divided into different stages depending on the size of a projec t. These stages could be initiation, planning, executing, controlling, and completion or termination of the project. In reality, this standard method of the project management can be used to manage any kind of project, because its fundamental goal is to organize the different tasks of project development. On the other hand, the emergence of the latest tools and technologies to manage software projects has not only changed the traditional software development practices but as well modernized them to make them more efficient. These tools allow us for rapid data processing, quick and automated project planning, digital cost planning and estimation, and so on (Project Shrink Publishing, 2012; Hughes & Cotterell, 2005). This report will present a detailed analysis of some of the important aspects of the software project management. We will divide this discussion into two sections. In the first section we will discuss the use of planning tools (software products to help managers develop W BS, NW diagrams, cost/effort/time estimation, etc.) for software project management. In the second section, we will offer an analysis of the cost estimation techniques. Introduction to Software Project Management Software project management is a kind of plan administration that pays attention especially on developing and organizing software projects. Simply like there are billions of ice cream tastes, there are billions of kinds of software systems. However, efficient and successful project managers are able to defeat them both. In software project management, a project normally is a provisional attempt to produce an exclusive service or product. In addition, for the majority of IT people, everything is a project; on the other hand, others believe that projects are particular and high level tasks that happen occasionally. In fact, a project is an exclusive thing. Alternately, the formation of a new implementation is exclusive, while the preservation and everyday support of an existi ng application is not accordingly exclusive (Tomayko & Hallman, 1989; Luckey & Phillips, 2006). Moreover, a lot of researchers believe that project management is simply a set of a wide variety of tasks and activities that are distributed to a number of people by a responsible authority normally acknowledged as a project manager. Additionally, in efficient project management there is no space for goobers. In addition, the successful project management focuses on serious trade of receiving work performed on time, within allocated budget and according to client’s needs and requirements. Furthermore, the successful project management involves various other attributes such as leadership, execution and owning the project capacity. Also, it is an excellent response to sign off on the project and know that we and our project team play a significant role in the project’

Leadership and Management Skills of the Great Personalities of the Essay

Leadership and Management Skills of the Great Personalities of the Twentieth Century - Essay Example The researcher states that even though Adolf Hitler, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Joseph Vissarrionovich Stalin and Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill belong to different nations, and cultures, one of the common elements seen in the behaviors of these people was their leadership skills or man management power. In fact, people adorned these leaders very much and were ready to do anything instructed by these leaders. In other words, people had blind faith in the abilities of these great leaders. Even though Hitler and Stalin were popular in their countries alone, Churchill and Roosevelt were very much popular all over the world. Stalin and Hitler worked only for the wellbeing of their people whereas Roosevelt and Churchill worked for the wellbeing of the global community, In other words, Hitler and Stalin were regional leaders whereas Roosevelt and Churchill were global leaders. The ability to solve problems in crises was the major element of similarity in the leadership of these four great personalities of the twentieth century.   Adolf Hitler, a politician of Austrian German, became boss of Nazi party in 1921 and being appointed the position of Germany Chancellor in 1933. In 1934, Hitler has assumed the office of German leader. During the Second World War, he was additionally appointed as Supreme Commander of German Armed Force. He was widely accepted as the main trigger of the Second World War.A decorated veteran of World War I, Hitler joined the precursor of the Nazi Party (DAP) in 1919 and became the leader of NSDAP in 1921. He attempted a failed coup detat known as the Beer Hall Putsch, which occurred at the Bà ¼rgerbrà ¤ukeller beer hall in Munich on November 8–9, 1923. Hitler was imprisoned for one year due to the failed coup, and wrote his memoir, "My Struggle" (in German Mein Kampf), while imprisoned. After his release on December 20, 1924, he gained support by promoting Pan-Germanism, antisemitism, anti-capitalism, and anti-communism with c harismatic oratory and propaganda. He was appointed chancellor on January 30, 1933, and transformed the Weimar Republic into the Third Reich, a single-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of Nazism.